Just a photo and a short description are all that's necessary on the low end, on the high end you could write more and add more photos for each project. Keeping a current blog is a great way to help your site come up more frequently in searches and get shared around more. It also shows potential clients that you are up to date with your website.
After you do your short write up, click on the OPTIONS tab up on the top right of this window. Add your main image to the image box. The image that you put into that box will be the thumbnail at the bottom of the page, as well as the banner image for the blog post, and the image thumbnail if it gets shared on Facebook. It's also useful to write a sentence or two in the excerpt section (you could also just copy/paste the first line or two from the blog post as well).
If you want, you can fill in more information throughout (feel free to explore or ask questions) but these are the basics. If you have a Facebook or Twitter account for the business we can set it up to automatically post to those outlets.